办四级成绩单 | 办四级成绩单_办六级成绩单_办英语四级证_办英语六级证_考中_考前答案 | Page 5
201201月6

不规则动词的过去式与过去分词表

不规则动词的办四级成绩单过去式和过去分词表(帮你速记!)
I.A—A—A 型
cost—cost—cost (花费)      cut –cut—cut(切,削,割)
hit -–hit –hit(撞击)          hurt—hurt—hurt(伤害)
read—read—read(读书)     let—let – let(让)
put—put—put  (放)        shut—shut—shut(关闭)   
set—set—set(创立,创建)    fit—fit   —fit    适合
II.A—B—B型
(1)get—got –-got(得到,获得)        sit—sat—sat(坐下)
find—found—found(找到,发现)   meet—met—met(见面/碰见)   feed—fed—fed(喂养)               lead—led—led(领导)
win—won—won (赢)              spit—spat—spat(吐痰)
lose—lost—lost(丢失)              dig—dug—dug (挖掘)
stand—stood—stood(站立)         hold—held—held(握/抓/举行)
understand—understood—understood(理解,明白)
swing—swung—swung(摇摆/摆动)
(2)make—made—made(制作/制造)   have / has—had—had(有)
lend—lent—lent(借出)            spend—spent—spent(花费)
send—sent—sent(发送)           build—built—built(建筑/造) spill—spilt- spilt (溢出/溅处)        bend—bent—bent(弯曲)
(3)mean—meant—meant(意思是)     keep—kept—kept(保持)
feel—felt—felt (感觉到 )            leave—left—left (离开)
sleep—slept—slept (睡觉/睡着)     sweep—swept—swept(拖地/擦地) spoil—spoilt—spoilt(沸腾)
(4) hear—heard—heard(听见/到 ) tell—told—told (告诉) sell—sold—sold(卖/出售)             say—said—said(说)
pay—paid—paid (支付/付款)         lay—laid—laid 放置/搁 )
(5)teach—taught—taught(教)   catch—caught—caught抓住 
(6) buy—bought—bought(买)      bring—brought—brought (带来)
think—thought –thought (想)   fight—fought—fought(打架/战)
III.A—B—C 型
ring—rang—rung(打电话/铃响)  sing—sang—sung (唱歌)drink—drank—drunk (喝)     sink—sank—sunk(淹没,淹死) swim—swam—swum (游泳)    begin—began—begun (开始)
(2) eat—ate—eaten(吃)              see—saw—seen(看见,看到)
give—gave—given(给)   fall—fell—fallen(跌倒,落下) drive—drove—driven (开车,驾驶)  rise—rose—risen (升起) take—took—taken (带走)        mistake—mistook—mistaken(犯错误)hide—hid—hidden/hid(藏/躲)     strive—strove—striven(奋斗)
be(am, is)—was—been(是)         are—were—been (是)
(3)draw—drew—drawn(画画)         blow—blew—blown(吹)
know—knew—known(知道/懂得)     grow—grew—grown成长/长大)
throw—threw—thrown (扔,投)        show—showed—shown(出示/展示)
fly—flew—flown(飞,飞行)
(4)break—broke—broken(打破,打碎)  speak—spoke—spoken(讲)  choose—chose—chosen(选择)          freeze—froze—frozen(冻/结冰)
  steal—stole—stolen (偷,盗窃)
(5)write—wrote—written(写)ride—rode—ridden(骑)forget—forgot—forgotten (忘记)   wear—wore—worn(穿,戴着)    tear—tore—torn (撕,扯)
(6)do—did—done(做)               go—went—gone(去)
lie—lay—lain(平躺,平放)
IV.A—A—B 型    
beat—beat—beaten(打败,心跳)
V.A—B—A 型
come—came—come (来)   become—became–become   (变得) run—ran—run (跑)
VI.有两种形式。
learn—learned—learned   或  learnt—learnt  (学)
burn—burned—burned    或  burnt—burnt (燃烧)
smell—smelled—smelled   或  smelt—smelt(闻,嗅)
spell—spelled–spelled     或   spelt—spelt (拼写)
shine—shined—shined    或   shone—shone(照耀)
wake—waked—waked    或   woke—woken/woke (叫醒)
hang—hanged—hanged   或   hung—hung (悬挂,绞死)
light—lighted—lighted    或   lit—lit  (点燃,点火)
bless-blessed-blessed    或  bless—blest—blest (保佑,祝福)
dream—dreamed—dreamed  或dream—dreamt—dreamt(做梦,幻想)
VII.一些情态动词只有过去式,无过去分词。
can—could(能,会)         may—might (可以,也许)
will—would(将要,愿)
shall—should(将要,会,应该)
must—must (必须,应当,一定)       (祝你成才!)

201201月5

如何学好主谓一致

如何学好主谓一致 
主谓一致在中学英语中办四级成绩单的重点语法项目,也是四六级必考点之一,尤其在单项选择合短文改错之中更是重中之重。同学们要想掌握好主谓一致,就应该重点把握语法一致、意义三大一致原则:
一、语法一致性原则:主要指谓语动词的单、复数形式应由主语的语法形式来决定。即单数的主语跟单数动词保持人称与数的一致,复数的主语跟复数动词保持人称与数的一致。
1、动词不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语应被办四级成绩单看作是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如:
To work hard is necessary. How you can get there is a problem.你怎么去那里是一个问题。
2、不定代词each,either,neither, one,the other,anybody,somebody,something,everyone,nobody,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如: Each takes a cup of coffee.每人喝一杯咖啡。 Is everyone present?每一个人都到了吗?
3、用and连接的两个名词作主语时,谓语动词办四级成绩单一般用复数。但如果这两个并列的名词是指同一人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词则用单数。例如:
The poet and the writer are both from Canada.那位诗人和那位作家都来自加拿大。
The poet and writer is from Canada.那位诗人兼作家来自加拿大。
4、若主语后面有with,together with,as well as, besides,including,like,but,except等引起的短语时,谓语动词不受该短语中名词数的影响,仍和主语的数保持一致。例如:
A woman , together with two children ,has come.一个妇女带着两个孩子来了。
The students as well as their teacher like this painting.学生和他们的老师都喜欢这幅画。
二、意义一致性原则:是指主语与谓语之间的一致关系不单是由主语的语法形式来决定的,而是由主语所表达的意义所决定的。形式上是单数的主语,其谓语办四级成绩单动词也有可能是复数形式;反之,形式是复数的主语,其谓语动词也有可能是单数形式。总之,主语与谓语还需要保持在语言意义上人称与数的一致。例如:
1.有些集体名词,如people,cattle,police等形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词需用复数。例如:People read for pleasure during their spare time.人们在业余时间读书自娱。
Cattle feed on grass.牛以草为食。
2.有些以-sh,-ese,-ch结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数。例如: The English like to be with their families at Christmas.
3.当family,class,company,group,public,government,team,population等集体名词作主语时,若作为整体看待,谓语动词用单数;若着眼于办四级成绩单组成该集体的一个个成员或个体时,则用复数。例如: My family is a happy one.My family are well.
The population in China is very large and 80% of the population are farmers.
4.单复数同形的名词,如means,sheep,deer,works(工厂)等作主语表示复数意义时,谓语动词用复数;表示单数意义时,谓语动词用单数。例如:
Every possible means has been tried. All possible means have been tried.
5.表示时间、度量衡、距离、价格的复数办英语四级证名词作主语,一般作为整体看待,谓语动词用单数。例如: Six hundred miles is a long distance.六百英里是一段很长的距离。
6.国名、人名、书刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语,形式上即使是复数,谓语动词也要用单数。例如: One Thousand & One Nights is a famous Arab novel.
7.以-ics结尾的表示学科名称的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:physics,mathematics
Politics is often a topic for discussion among us.政治常常是我们讨论的课题。
三、最接近原则:指谓语动词的单复数的形式与办四级成绩单其最接近的主语的保持人称与数的一致。例如:
1.用or,either ...or,neither ...nor,not only...but also,not…but…等连接并列主语时,谓语动词与其邻近的主语保持人称与数的一致。例如:Was your brother or you there then? Neither you nor I am fit for the job, I think.我认为,你和我都不适合这个工作。
2.在there be或其它倒装结构中,谓语动词一般与邻近的主语保持人称与数的一致。例如:
There is a pen,a notebook and some books on the desk.
主谓语一致性原则配套练习:
1.Nobody but Jane ____ the secret.
A. know       B. knows       C. have known   D. is known (86)
2.All but one _____ here just now.
A. is          B. was   C. has been    D. were      (87)
3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is      B. are    C. am    D. be (88)
4.A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered        B. have offered      C. are offered    D. has offered (90)
5.When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided     C. has not decided D. have not decided (91)
6.The number of people invited ____fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.
A. were , was       B. was , was    C. was , were   D. were , were (96)
7._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth , is B. Two fifth , are      C. Two fifths , is    D. Two fifths , are (2000)
8.This is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.
A. have     B. has    C. have been D. has been
9.Between then two rows of trees _____ the teaching building.
A. stand       B. stands     C. standing D. are
10.All that can be done______.
A. has been done    B. has done        C. have done     D. were done
11.They each _____ a new dictionary.
A. has        B. have   C. is D. are
12.The singer and the dancer ______ come to the meeting.
A. has B. have    C. are       D. is
13.I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _____more difficult.
A. is   B. are      C. was D. were
14.The wounded _______ by the hospital.
A. have been taken in B. have taken in      C. has been taken in    D. has taken in
15. Email, as well as the telephone, _____ an important part in our daily communication.(上海01)
A. is playing       B. are playing        C. plays         D. play
主谓语一致性原则配套练习参考答案
1-5: BDBAA 6-10: CCCBA 11-15: BBACA

201201月4

动名词与不定式的区别

动名词与不定式的区别:
动名词表达的是: 状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已发生的
不定式表达的是: 目的,结果,原因,具体,一次性,将发生的
一.作主语 一般情况下,不定式办四级成绩单与动名词作主语可以互换,也常常可以用it充当形式主语,而把不定式和动名词放在句子的后半部分。但二者也有区别,不定式常常指某次具体的、将要发生的行为;而动名词则表示一般的、抽象的行为。例如: To save money now is not easy. 现在攒钱不容易。 Saving money is a good habit. 攒钱是个好习惯。 
二、作宾语 有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语,不能跟动名词作宾语;有些动词后常跟动名词作宾语,不能跟不定式作宾语;有些动词后跟不定式和动名词作宾语皆可办四级成绩单,但意思不同。
另外还要熟记下面几点:
1)下列短语中的to是介词,其后跟动名词,不跟不定式。 be(get) used to习惯于;look forward to盼望;pay attention to注意;get down to开始认真做;lead to通向、导致;prefer doing … to doing …宁愿做……而不愿做……;stick to坚持;devote one\s life(time, oneself) to献身于、致力于;object to反对;in addition to …除……之外;on the way to …在去……的路上、正要成为……;等等。
2)不定式除可用在except, but, besides等后作宾语之外,一般不用作介词宾语。此时,不定式能否省略to,取决于其前是否有行为动词do或其相应形式。有则省略办四级成绩单,无则不能省略办英语四级证。例如: She did nothing but wash some clothes that day. 那天她除了洗一些衣服之外什么也没做。 We had no choice except to walk home. 除了走着回家我们别无选择。
3) 动名词除了其一般式doing,还有完成式having done以及一般式的被动形式being done和完成式的被动形式having been done;动名词前可以加上逻辑主语,构成动名词的复合结构:sb.\s doing。例如: I\m sorry for not having kept my promise.非常抱歉,我没能遵守办英语四级证诺言。(not having kept my promise发生在am sorry之前) Do you mind Mary being left alone at home?你介意玛丽被单独一个人留在家里吗?
4) 不定式的完成式to have done表示在谓语动词之前已经发生的动作,而不定式的一般式to do表示动作将要发生。不定式还有其被动形式:to be done(表示将来的被动动作)和to have been done(表示过去的被动动作)。
三、作表语 不定式与动名词作表语时的区别与办四级成绩单作主语时相同。例如: My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。(泛指,多次性抽象行为) Your task is to go and help the farmers.你的工作是去帮助那些农民。(特指,一次性具体行为)
四、作定语 不定式多为后置定语,动名词多为前置定语;不定式多表示将来的动作,动名词只能表示事物的属性、用途等。例如: He is looking for a room to live in.他正在找一间房子去住。 Take these sleeping pills and you\ll sleep better. 吃了这种安眠药,你会睡得更好。 注意:不定式作定语时通常与其前的名词(代词)构成动宾关系。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,其后通常要加上相应的介词。例如: Please give me a knife with which to cut.

201112月29

虚拟语气总结

一、语气的种类:英语句子中谓语动词的语气有四种:

201112月28

Unit1 Me and My Class

Lesson 1   Li Ming Is Back to School
1.     be back 意思是返回,强调状态,get back, come back ,go back等也有返回,但强调动作,be back to +n.(地名), 意思是回到……。
e.g. The new term begins, We are back to school.
2.     My class has fifty pupils .我班有50个学生。
也可以说成There’re fifty pupils in my class.
3.     have classes 意思是上课。也可以说成have lessons.
I have four classes/lessons every morning.
4.     be happy/sorry/glad …to do sth. 意思是很……做某事。
e.g. I’m happy to meet you.
5.     It’s fun to get e-mail from China. .收到中国来的电子邮件很有趣。
it 是形式主语。真正的主语是动词不定式to get e-mail from China.
6. exercise 是名词,意思是练习, 锻炼,做练习讲时,是可数名词。做锻炼讲时办四级成绩单是不可数名词;而在表示早操,眼保健操时要用复数形式。
(1).Running is good exercise for many people.
(2).The students have to do a lot of math exercises.
(3).We not only do morning exercises but also do eye exercises every day.
Lesson 2   Many faces, One Picture
1.     wear 动词表示穿着,它有一些近义词,如:put on , dress, in 注意它们的区别.put on 意思是穿上强调穿的动作,dress意思是给某人穿或自己穿衣服.in 表示穿着的状态,与wear意思相同,但不能单独使用,需要和be一起做谓语,后面常跟表示颜色或服装的词.
①. You are wearing a red coat.
②.You have a red coat on..
③. You are in a red coat.
④. He put on his coat and go out.
⑤.I dress myself every morning.
⑥.Mum is dressing my little sister.
2.     like 动词表示喜欢,后面跟v-ing 形式或动词的不定式.
3.     I don’t like my picture.  我不喜欢我办四级成绩单的照片.
一般现在时态的否定句,谓语的否定形式由助动词don’t /doesn’t+动词原形构成.
4.     look like 看起来像,look 是半系动词表示看起来,like是介词,意思是像.
e.g.  She looks like her mother.
5.      take pictures/photos ,take a picture/photo意思是照相.
6 .wish  n..①愿望:she has no wish to leave.她不想走。
②祝福,祝愿:With best wishes.祝好(信末结束语)。
  v. 想要,需要,希望
⑴. wish to do:She wishes to go abroad.她想出国。
⑵.wish sb. to do sth.:What do  you wish me to do?你想让我做什么?
⑶.wish sb. sth.:I wish you a pleasant journey!  祝你旅途愉快!
Lesson 3  Getting to Know You!
1. surprise  可以做可数名词,与不定冠词连用.,意思为惊奇,惊讶.
固定短语:have a  surprise. 有一个惊喜.
2. Everyone is happy , but not Danny. 大家都很高兴,除了Danny.
but 此处是介词,意思是除了,相当于except.
3. I don’t know her , either .   我也不认识她.
too,  also与either
  (1).also是正式用语,通常用于肯定句中,其位置一般放在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后或实义动词之前。如:
    I also went.我也去了。
    He can also speak English.他也会说英语。
  (2).too常与also通用,口语中用得较多,也是用于肯定句中。其位置一般在句末或句中,在句末时,前边常有逗号;在句中时前后办英语四级证均有逗号。如:
    I,too,have been to Beijing.我也去过北京。
    You work hard,and I work hard,too.你工作努力,我上作也努力。
  (3).either用于否定句中,而且要放在句尾。如:
    If you don’t go,I won’t go,either.你不去,我也不去了。
4. like …best 意思为最喜欢, like …better意思为较喜欢  , like …very much ,很喜欢;
like …a little有点喜欢  , don’t like — at all根本不喜欢.
5.play后面跟乐器时要加定冠词.后面跟球类时,不加定冠词.
6.hate  不喜欢,憎恨hate to do sth, hate doing sth. 是固定短语都表示不喜欢或憎恨做某事,dislike 的意思是不喜欢但后面只能跟动名词.
7.  enjoy, like与love
   (1). enjoy表示“喜欢,喜爱”,相当于动词like或love,后面跟名词、代词或动名词形式。       e.g.  I enjoy swimming.我喜欢游泳。
        They enjoy Chinese food very much.他们很喜欢中国食物。
  enjoy+反身代词,表示“玩得愉快”。
    Did you enjoy yourself at the park yesterday? 昨天你在公园玩得高兴吗?
   (2). like是一般用语,语气较弱,后常接办四级成绩单动名词、动词不定式、名词或代词形式。
enjoy与like意思类似,但enjoy后面不能跟不定式。如:
I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
我今天下午不想去游泳。(一次性的具体动作)
    I like swimming very much.我很喜欢游泳。(习惯性的动作)
   (3). love指“非常喜欢”,感情色彩比like强烈,常用来表示“热爱”,后跟名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式。如:
    We all love our motherland.我们都爱我们的祖国。
    She likes him,but doesn’t love him.她喜欢他,但并不爱他
8. 行为动词一般现在时的否定句和疑问句
     行为动词一般现在时的否定句和疑问句与be动词的句型变化不大一样,前者要用do not(does not)否定动词构成否定句,用do(does)构成疑问句;而后者只需在be动词的各种人称形式(am,are,is)之后加not构成否定句,把be提到主语之前构成疑问句。如:
(1).   I like it.(肯)我喜欢它。
  一Do you like it? (疑)你喜欢它吗?–
  —Yes,I do.(No,I don’t.)是的,我喜欢。(不,我不喜欢。)
  I don’t like it.(否)我不喜欢它。
  (2).  I am at work.(肯)我在工作。
  一Are you at work? (疑)你在工作吗?
  一Yes,I am.(No,I am not.)是的。(不。)
  I am not at work.(否)我没有在工作。
Lesson 4   On a School Day
1.     on the weekend =at the weekend在周末
2.     Something different all year round . 一年到头穿不同的衣服.
形容词放在something , anything , nothing等不定代词的后面作定语.
I saw something interesting yesterday.
3.     blouse女衫, shirt指男衬衫.
4.  (1).   be made of 由……制造的,指的是从成品上能看出原材料。
如:The desk is made of wood.
(2). be made from由……制造的,指的是从成品上很难以看出原材料。
如:Paper is made from wood.
Lesson5  The Best Clothes
1.  clothes,clothing与dress
   (1). clothes是最常用词,指身上的办英语四级证各种服装,包括上衣、裤子、内衣等,是复数名词,可以用these,many等词修饰,但不能与具体的数词连用。如:
    She often wears beautiful clothes.她经常穿漂亮的衣服。
These clothes are new.这些衣服是新的。
(2). clothing是服装的总称,没有复数形式。如:
This shop sells women’s  clothing.这家商店出售妇女服装。
(3). dress范围较窄,作可数名词时,指一件女服、连衣裙、儿童装;作不可数名词时,指某种特殊服装,尤指在社交场合穿的衣服。如:
My sister is wearing a red dress.我妹妹穿一件红色连衣裙。
2.  very,much与very much
  (1).  very能修饰形容词或副词,而much和very much则不能;
(2).  much可修饰形容词或副词的比较级,very much有时也可这样用,而very则不能;
(3).  very much可修饰某些感性的动词,如:want,like,enjoy,love,thank等,very和much不能这样用。如:
    I’m very pleased to meet you.见到你很高兴。
    She’s very good/friendly to me.她待我很好/很友好。
    He is running very fast.他正跑得飞快。
    He’s much better now.他身体现在好多了。
I enjoyed myself very much at her birthday party last Sunday.
上星期天,我在她的生日聚会上玩得很愉快。
Thank you very much.非常感谢你。
3.  voice.sound与noise
   (1).voice一般指人的“声音、声质、声调”。如:
    Her voice is very sweet.她的声音很甜。
   (2).sound含义最广,泛指可以听到的自然界中所有的声音。如:
    I can hear the sound of running water.我能听到流水声。
   (3).noise指“噪音、闹声”,即不悦耳的、令人讨厌的声音。如:
    Don’t   make so much noises.不要那样吵
4. I don’t like this pair anymore.
not…any more意思上是不再,用于否定句中表示动作不再继续。anymore常为any more.:如:
I  can’t believe you any more.
2. You could paint them.
(1). Could表示一种委婉或劝告的语气,如:
You could do it for me.
(2). Paint动词涂(颜料,油漆),名词“颜料”。如:
She got out her markers and paints and began to paint.
3. What did you do to your runners?
do to 意思是“对……做了什么”如:
What did you do to the bad milk?
4. They look silly.
(1).Silly     adj.傻的,糊涂的:Don’t be silly!别傻了!
  It’s silly of sb.to do sth.:It’s silly of you to do that!你那样做真傻!
(2). Look系动词,后面可以跟形容词如:The boy looks excited.
That building looks great.
5. Krista could not think of an answer.
think意思是“想”。 和不同的介词连用有不同的意思。think about意思是考虑……,think of 意思上是想到。如:
She is thinking about how to solve the problem.
Lesson6     Meet    Ms.    Liu
1.finish/’finiF/
  v.完成,结束:Have you finished that book yet?你读完那本书没有?
  【考点】finish doing sth.干完:I have finished doing my homework.我已经做完家庭
  作业。finish off做完,结束:He finished the work off yesterday.这活他昨天就干完了。
  2.introduce  v.介绍;  【考点】introduce sb. to sb.把某人介绍给办四级成绩单的某人:
May I introduce my friend Lucy to you?让我向你介绍我的朋友露茜。
  3.piano    n.钢琴:play the piano弹钢琴
  【考点】play后面跟乐器时要加定冠词,如:play the violin, play the guitar, 后面跟球类时,不加定冠词。如:play basketball, play football.
  4.singer  n.歌唱家      v.+er/or→人
read—–reader       write—–writer     invent—inventor
5.married  adj.结婚的:Are you married?你结婚了吗?
He is married to a famous writer.他娶了一位著名的作家。
a married woman已婚女子
Lesson7  Jenny’s  Week
1.Brian and I were on one team, and Sandra and Danny were on the other team.布莱恩和我在一个(篮球)队,桑德拉和丹尼在另一个队。
  (1).one...the other...指“(两个中的)一个……另一个……”。如:
I have two pencils:one is red,the other is green.
我有两枝铅笔:一枝是红的,另一枝是绿的。
  (2)on是介词,表示“是……中的一个成员”、“在……供职”。如:
    I’m on our city team.我是市队里的一个成员。
    I’m on the China Daily.我在《中国日报》社工作。
2.Last Saturday,my mother bought a pair of jeans for me.
上星期六,我妈妈给我买了一条牛仔裤。
buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物,也可以说成buy sb. sth.
  e.g.  She bought me a new bike.
She bought a new bike for me.她给我买了一辆新自行车。
Lesson8   Unit Review
1. Likes and Dislikes(Ⅰ)
(1).I like to wear my red coat.
(2).Sandra likes going for walks.
(3).Sandra loves to eat many different foods.
(4).I don’t like my picture.
(5).I dislike Mondays.
(6).I hate rain.
(7).I hate getting out of bed sometimes.
(8).I hate to comb my hair.
2. 一般现在时的用法
l.表示现在的状态、特征、性质。如:
    He is very happy.他很高兴。
    You look fine today.你今天看上去不错。
    I have three classes in the morning.上午我有三节课。
2.表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作。如:
    I usually take a bus to school every morning.我通常每天早上坐公共汽车去上学。
3.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。如:
    When he receives the letter,he’ll telI us.他接到信,会告诉我们的。
    If you come this afternoon,we’ll have a party.如果你今天下午来,我们就举行一个宴会。
  4.表示状态和感觉的动词,如:be,like,hate,have,think,remember,want,hope,
find,sound等常用于一般现在时。如:
She loves sports.她喜欢运动。
What do you hate to do? 你讨厌做什么?
5.一般现在时还可以表示一个按规定、计划或安排将要发生的情况(这时都有一个表示未来时间的状语):但限于少数动词,如:begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,return,stop,close等。如:
    The meeting begins at seven.7点开会。
    What time is the football match? 足球赛什么时候举行?
6.电影说明或剧情介绍,新闻标题或小说章节题目,动作解说,特别是电视解说词,常用一般现在时。

201112月26

英语语法专题——英语句子基本成分

英语句子基本成分

201112月24

Lesson 10 Plant Parts

一、教学目标
语言知识:掌握本课的单词及植物四个重要组成部分的作用。
语言技能:在听录音时有目的的获取所需关键信息。
语言运用:能阅读有关办四级成绩单这篇植物的短文,进行简单的阅读技能训练。
情感态度:能通过谈论植物,让学生掌握植物各部分的作用,并且对植物的重要性有所了解。
二、教学方法: 任务教学法,学生中心教学法,多媒体教学 ,学案
三、教学重点及难点:掌握植物各部分的作用。
四、教学手段:录音机、卡片、多媒体。
五、时间:45分钟
六、教学过程:
Step1: 组织教学
Step2: 导入新课Ask the students: How many plants can yo name?
                (让学生尽可能多的说出植物名称)
                Then ask: How many parts do plants have? (引出新课)
                Say: In lesson 10 we can find the answer.(2分钟)
Step3: Task1:(3分钟)  Listen to the tape and fill in the blanks.(听力材料见学案)
     Task2: Reading:(10分钟)
     Read passage1-passage5 and answer the following questions.
      (问题见学案。在讲解办四级成绩单问题答案时边看屏幕上的画面边讲解,
同时讲解一些学生不懂的句型,另外在讲解第二个问题时,
展现另一个画面,说明below和under及above和over的区别。)
Task3: Ask two students to read passage1-passage5. Correct the prounciation.
(2分钟)
Task4:Read passage1-passage5 again. Fill in the form.(表格见学案)(5分钟)
    Task5:Ask the students to draw a plant and tell the plant parts and what they are for. Ask two students to say theirs.(6分钟)
Step4: T: 1. Today we have learnt plant parts and what they are for. Every day we eat many plants, such as: vegetables, rice wheat and so on. But we eat different parts of these plants. For example, a carrot is a root, we eat the leaves of cabbage.(展现胡萝卜和洋白菜的图片。)
         Now work in pairs and fill in the form.(表格见学案。)
       2. Ask a student to read the last passage . Explain the use of “billion”.
         (屏幕上出现两个句子,让学生说出它的用法。)
          There are 60 billion people in the world.
          Billions of people eat rice.              (5分钟)
Step5: Summary: Ask the students to say what they have learnt in lesson 10.(4分钟)
Step6: Close your books and do the exercises.(7分钟)
Step7: Homework:1.Write a passage to introduce a kind of plant.
               2. Prepare Lesson11.(1分钟)
Step8: Class is over.
                    板书
above over  
below under
billions of

201112月23

主语从句

从句专题
一、从句定义:句子中除了谓语,其他成分都可用一个具有完整的主谓结构,但不能独立使用的句子来承担。承担什么句子成分就叫办四级成绩单什么从句。
二、从句的分类:名词性从句(包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句、状语从句。
三、  引导从句的词叫引导词,如:what,which,how等。
第一章 主语从句
主语从句由下列引导词引导,引导词不能省略。
连词:that,whether
连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever等
连接副词:when,where,how,why
1.第一大类:由办四级成绩单连接代词引导的主语从句:
Which team will win the championship is still not clear.
Who will be the monitor makes no difference.
Whoever comes first should open the window.
说明:连接代词在句子中充当句子成分,不能省略,翻译时不能把他们译为疑问句。由它们引导的主语从句可以用形式主语it引导,如果句子是疑问形式,则必须用it的结构。
eg:1. Who let out the news remained unkonwn.
=It remained unknown who let out the news.
2.Which is right isn’t known to us.
=It isn’t known to us which is right.
2.第二大类: 由连接副词引导的主语从句:
When they will arrive is not known yet.
Where we’ll spend our holiday has not been decided.
说明:连接副词在句子中充当句子成分,不能省略,翻译时不能把他们译为疑问句。由它们引导的主语从句可以用形式主语it引导,如果句子是疑问形式,则必须办四级成绩单用it的结构。
eg: 1. When we’ll start is not clear.
     =It is not clear when we’ll start.
2. How this happened is still a question.
3. 第三大类: 由连词引导的主语从句:
That the driver was drunk is obvious.
Whether you come or not doesn’t concern me.
说明:连词that在句子中不担任成分,不能省略,本身没有词义.
4. 第四大类: 主语从句的后置:
主语从句因为太长,往往置于句子的后部,而用it作形式主语。
it 作形式主语的固定句型:
句型一: It + be + adj.(包括起形容词作用的分词) + 从句
eg: It is not likely that this situation will continue very long.
句型二: It + be + n. + 从句
eg: It is common sence that the whale is not a fish.
句型三: It + v.(+宾语或状语) + 从句
eg: It seems to me that he won’t come taday.
句型四: It + be + 过去分词 + 从句
eg: It is said that the temple was built over one thousand years ago.
注:带有主语从句的疑问句必须办英语四级证将主语从句后置,用it作形式主语。
eg: 1. Is it certain that he will help us tomorrow?
2. Has it been decided when we’ll have the final examination?
5. 第五大类: 主语从句中的虚拟语气:
(1)表示愿望、建议、命令等含义的动词后面的主语从句用虚拟语气。谓语动词用虚拟语气“should + 动词原形” , should 可以省略。
这类动词主要有:demand,insist,desire,order,require,suggest,recommend,advise
eg: It is suggested that he (should) walk an hour every day in order to lose weight.
(2) 一些形容词后的主语从句用虚拟语气。谓语动词用虚拟语气“should + 动词原形” , should 可以省略。
这类形容词主要有:necessary,important,impossible,natural,strange,essential,
appropriate,vital,imperative.
eg: It is strange that no one (should) support this plan.
(3) 有些形容词或名词,可以与带有虚拟语气的主语从句结合办英语四级证使用,表示惊奇,不满,喜悦,遗憾等感情色彩。
eg: It’s a pity that he (should) miss the opportunity to study in Beijing.
6. 第六大类: 主语从句和不定式结构的互换:
当主句的谓语动词是expect,feel,say,think,know,report或主句的表语是certain,
probable,likely等词时,带有主语从句的这种结构也可以转换成相应的不定式结构。
eg: 1. It was known that Jack failed the entrance examination again.
=Jack was known to have failed the entrance examination again.
2.It’s quite likely that she will come back in two weeks.
=She is quite likely to come back in two weeks.
7. 第七大类: 以关系代词what,whatever,whoever 等引导的主语从句:
what 有时可用来表示 the thing which 这种意思,引导从句,表示一样东西或一件事情。
who,whom,which,what 可以和ever 构成合成词,和 what 一样引导从句,ever 起强调作用。
此类主语从句不能用形式主语 it 引导,它们在句子中充当成分,不能省略,语序为陈述语序。
eg: 1. What he said at the meeting is important.
=The thing that he said at the meeting is important.(定语从句)
2.Whoever leaves the office should tell me.
=Any one who leaves the office should tell me.(定语从句